The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Electric Arc Furnace

The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Electric Arc Furnace

There are several essential elements that caused the evolution of the electric arc furnace:

1) The increasing quantity of scrap steel;

2) The rapid development of the entire steel industry. The supply and the price of electricity become stable, which makes it possible to generalize the arc furnace;

3) The arc furnace tends to be larger and more powerful;

4) Less investment, quick to construct, and fast cost recovery;

5) The temperature and the component of the molten steel can be controlled with accuracy. The arc furnace can also smelt various kinds of different steels.

Compared with others, the electric arc furnace also has several obvious advantages:

1) The arc furnace can heat the furnace and the steel up to 4000-6000℃ directly and smelt special steels that contain refractory elements like W and Mo.

2) The arc furnace could remove the toxic gases and the inclusions while deoxidizing and desulfurating.

3) High flexibility. The arc furnace is capable of engaging production continuously or intermittently.

Currently, owing to the development of related technologies, the electric arc furnace could be well-integrated with traditional steel-making processes. But there are also several deficiencies that need to be improved:

(1) The arc can only generate point-like heating sources, which will cause uneven heat distribution in the furnace.

(2) The arc will react with the furnace gases and vapor and release large quantities of H2 and N2.

With further improvement of the electric arc furnace, new smelting techniques will embrace a brighter prospect.

The Device Of the Electric Arc Furnace

The Device Of the Electric Arc Furnace

Electric Arc Furnace

An electric arc furnace consists of a shell, spout, cover(optional), furnace wall, bottom electrode device, and tilting system.

The furnace shell is water cooling style, the furnace side has a spout, the furnace inside wall has refractory, water cooling electrode style, temperature testing, and the spout was made by refractory.

Electrode Lifting Device

Electrode lifting device includes a conductive arm, lifting pole column, guiding column, electrode clamp, and lifting reduction box device.

Electrode clamps of conductive arms use non-magnetic conductive stainless steel, high mechanic, high wear resistance, deep hole, water cooling inside and cooling directly, and enhance the cooling effect, prolong the operational life span.

Large Current

Large current includes DC power supply compensator, copper bar, furnace body electrode connector, eliminator supply cable connector, big section cable, conductive arm, electrode clamp, and graphite electrode.

Water Cooling

The water cooling system is composed of the current switch, water distributor, return line, water cooling pressure less than 2XlO5Pa, and water cooling temperature below 32℃, this device has flow warning, it alarms when the flow is below the related value.

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The Development Of Electric Arc Furnace

The Development Of Electric Arc Furnace

The electric arc furnace is the most widely used steel furnace around the world, it can be used to smelt high-quality steel and other special steels. 

Though the arc furnace came out in the 1900s, the major development waited its time till the end of WWII. During the latest decades, the development has escalated and brought revolutionary changes to the steel industry. 

While the total output capacity remains growing slowly, the percentage of crude steel made from scraps has risen fiercely to 40% in 2001. One of the major solutions, an arc furnace can be built and operated at a lower cost than the traditional blast furnace. 

Since the concept of the UHP arc furnace (ultrahigh power arc furnace) emerged in the mid-60s, people have tried to build bigger furnaces with higher power and capacity. 

The application of advanced technologies like dynamic compensation systems and water-cooling systems boosts the development vigorously.

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The Usage And Features Of Ladle Refining Furnace

The Usage And Features Of Ladle Refining Furnace

LF refining furnace was successfully developed in 1971 by Japanese technical staff. And the furnace hasn’t had vacuum equipment, so the heating arc processing occurs on the steel surface of the slag in which LF refining furnaces the so-called submerged arc refining.

When adding the synthetic slag, stirring the molten steel with argon is necessary, and the refining occurs under a non-vacuum-reducing atmosphere. Afterward, the LF Furnace was improved, it can refining in the vacuum and heated under the non-vacuum circumstance when the vacuum extraction equipment is installed.

The main use of an LF refining furnace is for primary melting furnace (electric arc furnace, Converter, intermediate frequency furnace) refining of molten steel. It’s crucial metallurgical equipment for producing high-quality carbon steel, alloy structural steel, bearing steel, tool steel, stainless steel, etc, and meets the needs of Continuous Casting and Continuous Ligation.

This kind of LF refining Furnace has functions electric are heating, argon stirring, wire feeding, measuring temperature and sampling, alloying, etc. And in the terms of purchasing the LF refining furnace, the users can make choice by the steel grade and smelting technology.

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Types Of Furnaces----Electric Arc Furnace（Four）

Types Of Furnaces----Electric Arc Furnace（Four）

Electric arc furnace

These furnaces are used to produce special quality steels that are lighter products as reinforcing concretes. Electric Arc Furnace does not use any hot metals as basic oxygen routes. The equipment is charged with a cold material that will generally be steel scrap. Other raw materials include the products from iron ore. Direct reduced irons, iron carbide, and pig iron (the iron product from a blast furnace) that is cast and is allowed to get cooled are the included products. This process will not be charged directly.

The steel scrap is induced into the furnace by an overhead crane. Then a lid is used that is swung into position over a furnace. An electric current is passed through the electrodes that are positioned in the lowered that lower furnace. Other metals also get added to the steel that provides the required chemical composition. Oxygen is blown to purify the steel and lime in addition to the combined impurities. After sample collection, the furnace is tilted to pour the floating slag on the molten steel. The modern furnace can melt up to 150 tonnes in around 90 minutes.

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