Hot Installation Cross Shaft Universal Coupling

Hot Installation Cross Shaft Universal Coupling


As a kind of coupling, universal coupling uses the characteristics of its mechanism to make the driving shaft and driven shaft not on the same axis. When there is an angle between the axes, it can realize the continuous rotation of the two shafts, and reliably transfer torque and motion. Compared with the common coupling, the most outstanding feature of universal coupling is that its structure has larger angular compensation ability, compact structure, and high transmission efficiency.

Universal coupling with its superior performance, the market sales are very considerable, there are many kinds of universal coupling on the market. So how to choose the right coupling? Among them, the spider type universal coupling is a kind of universal coupling with a large amount of consumption, and the bearing of this kind of universal coupling is the most easily damaged part. Generally speaking, the car will choose the ball cage universal coupling. For agricultural machinery, industrial machinery, and other sports machinery, the special universal coupling will be used, and most of the hoisting equipment will use cross shaft universal coupling.

How to Hot Install the Cross Shaft Universal Coupling?

1、 Preparation Before Hot Installation

Use gasoline or kerosene to fill and scrub the matching parts of the journal and the cross universal coupling. If there is a rough or damaged situation, it needs to be eliminated with an oilstone or fine diamond gauze, of course, other methods can also be used. Then use a micrometer to measure the internal diameter of the journal, and use a micrometer to measure the internal diameter of cross universal coupling. At least 3 points shall be measured when measuring the coupling, and repeated measurement shall be carried out. If the treatment result does not meet the requirements of the drawing, the inner hole shall be repaired with a scraper or half-round file.

2、 Hot Installation

After the preparation work, start the hot installation, which is required to be fast, so as to avoid that the temperature drops before the hot installation are completed, resulting in the reduction of the aperture of the cross shaft universal coupling and the difficulty of hot installation. Generally, the temperature of the universal coupling of the hot installed spider type will be heated to 250 ℃. Heating temperature should not be too fast, so as not to affect the temperature uniformity of the coupling, and the heating time should be determined according to its expansion. In order to obtain a reasonable inner diameter of the coupling, a measuring stick of the same size can be made according to the expansion value of the measured heating until the measuring stick can be put into the inner diameter hole. Then carry out the heat jacket work.

The surface of the universal joint should be carburized, quenched, or tempered. The hardness of the surface is different with different methods. Gas carburizing puts the workpiece into a closed carburizing furnace and obtains a high carbon surface layer through the gas (methane, ethane, etc.) or liquid carburizing agent (kerosene or benzene, ethanol, acetone, etc.). Solid carburizing is to put the workpiece and solid carburizing agent (composed of charcoal and accelerant) in a sealed box, heat it in the heating furnace to the carburizing temperature and keep it for a certain time so that the atoms of the universal coupling of activated carbon penetrate into the workpiece surface, which is also the earliest carburizing method.

The universal coupling with the cross shaft is a universal part of the mechanical foundation, which is suitable for two shafts with skew axis and frequent change of relative position. The biggest advantage of the cross shaft universal coupling is that it has the ability to transmit torque, angle compensation, and compact structure.

Structure Principle of Cross Shaft Universal Coupling:

The cross pieces on the driving and driven shafts are connected with the cross shafts in the middle by hinges respectively. When there is the angular displacement between the two shafts, the shaft forks rotate around their fixed axes, thus making the cross shafts move in space.

Motion Analysis of Cross Shaft Universal Coupling:

When the angle between the two shafts is not zero, the actual angle between the driving shaft angle and the driven shaft angle at any instant: the plane comes from the driving shaft 1, is the motion plane on the driving shaft fork 1, the plane is perpendicular to the driven shaft 3, and is the motion of point C on the driven shaft fork.


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Classification and Maintenance of Cross Shaft Universal Coupling

Classification and Maintenance of Cross Shaft Universal Coupling

The cross shaft universal coupling is a kind of common coupling in the coupling. The biggest characteristic is a large amount of angular compensation, compact structure, and high transmission efficiency. In practical application, according to the transmitted torque, it can be divided into four types: heavy universal coupling is used for metallurgical machinery, heavy wiring, etc.; medium and light universal coupling is often used for light industrial machinery such as machine tools, automobiles, etc.; small universal coupling is used for precision machinery and control mechanism, and its function is to transmit motion.

There are several types of cross shaft universal coupling, such as SWC type integral fork cross shaft universal coupling, SWZ type integral bearing pedestal cross shaft universal coupling, and so on. The main difference between them is the change of bearing seat and crosshead. No matter what kind of cross shaft universal coupling, in order to ensure the synchronicity of the master and the slave, the double coupling type will be used in practical application. The double connection mode of cross shaft universal coupling: welding connection method and flange bolt connection method.

The cross shaft universal coupling is used to connect the coupling, whose function is to transmit torque. In the work, because of the huge torque and alternating load, the cross journal, and needle roller bearing are very easy to be damaged. In order to reduce wear and other damage, it is necessary to lubricate the cross shaft coupling. The selected lubricating oil is gear oil, which has the following characteristics:

1. With proper viscosity, it is easy to form a high-strength oil film, and the lubricating oil will not be thrown out from the contact surface due to centrifugal force, which can form a good elastic hydrodynamic lubrication.

2. Gear oil has good oiliness and extreme pressure. Under high-strength working conditions, it can also form a complete boundary lubricating oil film. So, how to lubricate the spider universal coupling?

In fact, there is still the possibility that lubricating oil will be thrown out, resulting in half dry friction or dry friction, accelerating wear. Therefore, there is generally special equipment for filling gear oil, only regular filling of universal coupling is required.

The cross shaft universal coupling is used to transmit torque. It needs to bear very large torque and alternating load at work, so it is very easy to damage. When adding lubrication, according to the maintenance regulations of the vehicle, add grease to the sliding fork key teeth and the intermediate bearing as the lubricating oil, while add gear oil to the coupling and the intermediate bearing. In the actual operation, many people add butter directly to the cross shaft for the convenience of drawing, resulting in premature damage.

Why can't grease the spider universal coupling as lubricating oil?

The butter is composed of thickener calcium and base lubricating oil, and its structure is relatively dispersed. However, the long-term running of the car under overload will separate the grease and lead to no oil film, and the cross shaft will be in the semi-dry friction or dry friction state during the running process. After the deterioration and evaporation of lubricating grease, the lubricating effect will not be achieved and the transmission will be hindered. The tenacity of the oil film of butter is poor, so it can't form a good oil film under a load of large torque and negative Cardan coupling of cross-type Cardan coupling.

So, don't replace gear oil with butter to save trouble, which will cause more trouble.

In order to make the universal joint more durable and life-span, some maintenance measures need to be taken. When it is used, it should be fully lubricated. When its bearing part starts to run, it should be added with a proper amount of grease once a week. When it works normally, it can be lubricated once a quarter. At the same time, pay attention to use the proper amount of grease.

In addition, the Cardan coupling should be maintained regularly. In general, maintenance is required for half a year of operation, but it should also be determined according to the specific use. In case of obvious abnormal sound, oil leakage, and other situations, stop the machine immediately for an inspection and deal with the problems in time. Check its parts frequently to ensure that there is no sign of wear or peeling on each rolling surface, and replace those with a large indentation or serious wear. When cleaning, do not use gasoline and wire brush. Pay attention to separate cleaning from other parts.

Please contact stella@hanrm.com for a quotation.
And free send inquiry to us.
Email: stella@hanrm.com   stellarollingmill@gmail.com
Whatsapp/Wechat:+8615877652925

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The Choice of Cardan Shaft and the Cause of Unbalance

The Choice of Cardan Shaft and the Cause of Unbalance


Cardan shaft is used to connect two shafts together so that the two shafts cannot be separated when the machine is working. Only when the cardan shaft is taken down can the two shafts be separated.

There are many kinds of cardan shafts. When selecting the application, the cardan shaft needs to transfer the actual rotation speed of the shaft, how much load it can bear, the installation accuracy required to connect the two shafts, whether the shaft is stable and won't shake when rotating, the purchase price, etc. When purchasing, users need to understand the performance of cardan shaft and their respective characteristics and adopt a cardan shaft suitable for their own equipment. If you choose to use it after purchase, you should give feedback to the manufacturer in time if you have any problems, and do not wait for the final equipment strike to repair. In fact, the best thing is to describe clearly the requirements of the equipment as the manufacturer when purchasing, so that the manufacturer can make a reasonable recommendation.

Cardan shaft is used to realize the continuous rotation of two shafts of different mechanisms, and it can reliably transmit torque and motion of mechanical cardan shaft parts. The feature of the mechanism is that the two axes are not on the same axis, and there is an included angle with the axis. The biggest characteristic of cardan shaft is that it has large angular compensation ability, compact structure, and high transmission efficiency. During the operation of cardan shaft, the transmission imbalance or vibration is often encountered. In order to improve the transmission efficiency of cardan shaft and make it work smoothly, it is necessary to understand why such a phenomenon occurs, so as to find solutions.


Causes Affecting the Unbalance of Cardan Shaft:

1. There is a deviation in the design of parts, or the material is unqualified, or the wear is uneven.

2. The centering surface of the universal joint and the shaft is eccentric, resulting in imbalance.

3. The gap between parts of the universal joint is unreasonable, or the distribution of accessories is uneven and asymmetric.


The Reasons for the Vibration of Cardan Shaft are as Follows:

1. The balance sheet is not compensated by the action balance.

2. The universal joint is not on the same plane.

3. The cardan shaft has broken the original dynamic balance.

4. Worn splines or excessive clearance.

Cardan shaft is a kind of transmission parts. It makes use of the characteristics of its mechanism to make the two shafts, not on the same axis and turn continuously at a certain angle. The biggest characteristic of cardan shaft is that it has large angular compensation ability, compact structure, and high transmission efficiency. There are many types of cardan shafts, among which the cross shaft type is the most common and the ball cage type is the second. In practical application, Cardan coupling can be divided into heavy, medium, light, and small according to its transmission torque. In order to better use the cardan shaft, it is necessary to know what conditions will cause damage.

1. Human factors: improper selection, low machining accuracy of Cardan shaft, poor maintenance, poor alignment, etc.

2. Environmental factors: corrosion caused by the deterioration of lubricating oil, corrosion caused by acid and alkali gas, etc.

3. Damage caused by wear: the cardan shaft runs continuously in the machine, and the components in relative motion are worn.

4. Cardan shaft and fracture: the fatigue limit of Cardan shaft is exceeded, resulting in component fracture.

5. Connecting bolt: improper design, selection, and installation of connecting bolt.

Coupling is a kind of mechanical part used to connect the driving shaft and driven shaft in different mechanisms and make them rotate together to transmit torque. In high-speed and heavy-duty power transmission occasions, some couplings can also play the role of buffering, damping, and improving the dynamic performance of shafting. The coupling is composed of two parts, which are respectively connected with the driving shaft and the driven shaft. Generally, the power machine and the working machine will not be directly connected but will be connected with the working machine by means of the coupling.

As a special kind of coupling, cardan shaft, because of its structural characteristics, makes the driving shaft and the driven shaft not in the same axis, and can realize the continuous rotation of the connected two shafts when there is an angle between the axes, and reliably transfer torque and motion. The biggest difference of cardan shaft lies in its large angular compensation capacity, compact structure, and high transmission efficiency. That's why cardan shafts are so popular.


Please contact stella@hanrm.com for a quotation.
And free send inquiry to us.
Email: stella@hanrm.com   stellarollingmill@gmail.com
Whatsapp/Wechat:+8615877652925

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The Main Factors Causing the Crack of Sendzimir Roll

The Main Factors Causing the Crack of Sendzimir Roll

The crack of the Sendzimir roll occurs at the transition point from the Sendzimir work roll body to the upper roll neck, within 40-100mm from the upper end of the Sendzimir work roll body. Most of the roll neck cracks are transverse cracks, with two forms of ring cracks and local cracks. If the crack is light, it can be found during machining. If the crack depth is less than the machining allowance, it can be removed during machining. If there is still a crack after machining, it shall be scrapped. If the crack is heavy, a circle of ring cracks can be seen in the as cast state, which will cause the roll neck to be broken in serious cases.

(1) Chemical composition. In the production of rolls with cupola, the melting sequence is arranged from low to high according to the roll name (SI): cold hard roll, ball core roll, ball compound roll, an infinite cold hard roll, and nodular iron roll. In order to ensure that the temperature of the first ladle of the 10t cupola is higher than 1400 ℃, the height of the bottom coke is specified as 2.8m. Due to the high coke content in the bottom of the cupola, the increment of WC and WS in the front several packages of molten iron is relatively serious, which results in that the WC of the alloy chilled cast iron roll is as high as 3.75% - 3.80%, the WC is as high as 0.115% - 0.120%, sometimes even as high as 0.132%.

(2) Pouring temperature. When using cupola to produce roll, the temperature of the first and the second ladle is generally low. In addition, the temperature of the front ladle and the ladle is low and the heat absorption is large, which results in the low pouring temperature of the molten iron, the poor fluidity of the molten iron and the early solidification of the riser, which destroys the directional solidification and increases the tendency of cracks.

(3) The deeper the white layer of the roll, the greater the scrap amount of the crack of the Sendzimir roll. This is because the contraction of white mouth is larger than that of hemp mouth and grey mouth.

(4) The inner wall of the riser sand mold is uneven, which hinders the free downward contraction of the roller neck.

(5) The greater the ratio of the length (L) of the work roll to the diameter (d) of the work roll, the higher the rejection rate of the crack. For example, the scrap rate of cracks in the rolls with a diameter of 355mm × l020mm and L / D = 2.87 is as high as 50%. The greater the ratio of L / D, that is, the longer the length of the work roll, the greater the shrinkage of the length direction of the work roll, and the higher the probability of the upper roll neck crack.

(6) If the length of the work roll body of Sendzimir is more than 700mm and the diameter of the work roll body of Sendzimir is less than φ 350mm, the roller neck sand core is adopted, the sizing block is not removed after pouring, or the outer circle of the sand core is too large, and it is too tight with the cold mold, so the effect of reducing the shrinkage resistance of the roller neck sand core (it can move down after pouring) is lost.

(7) The crack of Sendzimir roller is related to the characteristics of pig iron. In the production process, it is often found that when pig iron is exchanged, the roll is prone to crack (including longitudinal crack of the work roll body, edge crack of upper and lower rolls, neck crack, etc.), while after another pig iron is exchanged, all kinds of cracks will be reduced or disappear. It may be due to the influence of the heredity of the cast-iron structure, which makes the roll shrink and increase, so it is easy to cause cracks.

(8) When the amount of tellurium is too high, the crack tendency of Sendzimir roller increases. Adding tellurium to cold hard roll can increase the depth of pure white mouth, shorten the length of hemp mouth, and improve the wear resistance of roll and the surface quality of steel. In order to obtain a pure white layer, 8-12g tellurium is added to each ton of molten iron, which is higher than that of domestic counterparts, so the scrap rate of roll neck crack is higher than that of domestic counterparts. Tellurium is a strong anti graphitization element. Because of the high content of tellurium in the molten iron, the amount of graphite precipitated in the solidification process is reduced, and the tendency of cracks is increased.

Please contact stella@hanrm.com for a quotation.
And free send inquiry to us.
Email: stella@hanrm.com   stellarollingmill@gmail.com
Whatsapp/Wechat:+8615877652925

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