Classification and Maintenance of Cross Shaft Universal Coupling
The cross shaft universal coupling is a kind of common coupling in the coupling. The biggest characteristic is a large amount of angular compensation, compact structure, and high transmission efficiency. In practical application, according to the transmitted torque, it can be divided into four types: heavy universal coupling is used for metallurgical machinery, heavy wiring, etc.; medium and light universal coupling is often used for light industrial machinery such as machine tools, automobiles, etc.; small universal coupling is used for precision machinery and control mechanism, and its function is to transmit motion.
There are several types of cross shaft universal coupling, such as SWC type integral fork cross shaft universal coupling, SWZ type integral bearing pedestal cross shaft universal coupling, and so on. The main difference between them is the change of bearing seat and crosshead. No matter what kind of cross shaft universal coupling, in order to ensure the synchronicity of the master and the slave, the double coupling type will be used in practical application. The double connection mode of cross shaft universal coupling: welding connection method and flange bolt connection method.
The cross shaft universal coupling is used to connect the coupling, whose function is to transmit torque. In the work, because of the huge torque and alternating load, the cross journal, and needle roller bearing are very easy to be damaged. In order to reduce wear and other damage, it is necessary to lubricate the cross shaft coupling. The selected lubricating oil is gear oil, which has the following characteristics:
1. With proper viscosity, it is easy to form a high-strength oil film, and the lubricating oil will not be thrown out from the contact surface due to centrifugal force, which can form a good elastic hydrodynamic lubrication.
2. Gear oil has good oiliness and extreme pressure. Under high-strength working conditions, it can also form a complete boundary lubricating oil film. So, how to lubricate the spider universal coupling?
In fact, there is still the possibility that lubricating oil will be thrown out, resulting in half dry friction or dry friction, accelerating wear. Therefore, there is generally special equipment for filling gear oil, only regular filling of universal coupling is required.
The cross shaft universal coupling is used to transmit torque. It needs to bear very large torque and alternating load at work, so it is very easy to damage. When adding lubrication, according to the maintenance regulations of the vehicle, add grease to the sliding fork key teeth and the intermediate bearing as the lubricating oil, while add gear oil to the coupling and the intermediate bearing. In the actual operation, many people add butter directly to the cross shaft for the convenience of drawing, resulting in premature damage.
Why can't grease the spider universal coupling as lubricating oil?
The butter is composed of thickener calcium and base lubricating oil, and its structure is relatively dispersed. However, the long-term running of the car under overload will separate the grease and lead to no oil film, and the cross shaft will be in the semi-dry friction or dry friction state during the running process. After the deterioration and evaporation of lubricating grease, the lubricating effect will not be achieved and the transmission will be hindered. The tenacity of the oil film of butter is poor, so it can't form a good oil film under a load of large torque and negative Cardan coupling of cross-type Cardan coupling.
So, don't replace gear oil with butter to save trouble, which will cause more trouble.
In order to make the universal joint more durable and life-span, some maintenance measures need to be taken. When it is used, it should be fully lubricated. When its bearing part starts to run, it should be added with a proper amount of grease once a week. When it works normally, it can be lubricated once a quarter. At the same time, pay attention to use the proper amount of grease.
In addition, the Cardan coupling should be maintained regularly. In general, maintenance is required for half a year of operation, but it should also be determined according to the specific use. In case of obvious abnormal sound, oil leakage, and other situations, stop the machine immediately for an inspection and deal with the problems in time. Check its parts frequently to ensure that there is no sign of wear or peeling on each rolling surface, and replace those with a large indentation or serious wear. When cleaning, do not use gasoline and wire brush. Pay attention to separate cleaning from other parts.
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