Types Of Furnaces----Electric Arc Furnace（Four）

Types Of Furnaces----Electric Arc Furnace（Four）

Electric arc furnace

These furnaces are used to produce special quality steels that are lighter products as reinforcing concretes. Electric Arc Furnace does not use any hot metals as basic oxygen routes. The equipment is charged with a cold material that will generally be steel scrap. Other raw materials include the products from iron ore. Direct reduced irons, iron carbide, and pig iron (the iron product from a blast furnace) that is cast and is allowed to get cooled are the included products. This process will not be charged directly.

The steel scrap is induced into the furnace by an overhead crane. Then a lid is used that is swung into position over a furnace. An electric current is passed through the electrodes that are positioned in the lowered that lower furnace. Other metals also get added to the steel that provides the required chemical composition. Oxygen is blown to purify the steel and lime in addition to the combined impurities. After sample collection, the furnace is tilted to pour the floating slag on the molten steel. The modern furnace can melt up to 150 tonnes in around 90 minutes.

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Types Of Steel

Types Of Steel

Strictly speaking, steel is just another type of iron alloy, and it's mainly including carbon steels, alloy steels, tool steels, and stainless steel four types.  

First, steel is still essentially (and overwhelmingly) made from iron. 

Second, there are literally thousands of different types of steel, many of them precisely designed by materials scientists to perform a particular job under very exacting conditions. 

When we talk about "steel", we usually mean "steels"; generally speaking, steels fall into four groups: carbon steels, alloy steels, tool steels, and stainless steels. These names can be confusing because all alloy steels contain carbon (as do all other steels), all carbon steels are also alloys, and both tool sheets of steel and stainless steels are alloys too. Now, we will explain the four different sheets of steel as following.

Carbon steels

The vast majority of steel produced each day (around 80–90 percent) is what we call carbon steel, though it contains only a tiny amount of carbon—sometimes much less than 1 percent. In other words, carbon steel is just basic, ordinary steel. Steels with about 1–2 percent carbon are called (not surprisingly) high-carbon steels and, like cast-iron, they tend to be hard and brittle; steels with less than 1 percent carbon are known as low-carbon steels and like wrought iron, are softer and easier to shape. A huge range of different everyday items is made carbon steels, from car bodies and warship hulls to steel cans and engine parts.

Alloy Steels

As well as iron and carbon, alloy steels contain one or more other elements, such as chromium, copper, manganese, nickel, silicon, or vanadium. In alloy steels, it's these extra elements that make the difference and provide some important additional feature or improved property compared to ordinary carbon steels. Alloy steels are generally stronger, harder, tougher, and more durable than carbon steels.

Tool steel

Tool steels are especially hard alloy steels used to make tools, dies, and machine parts. They're made from iron and carbon with added elements such as nickel, molybdenum, or tungsten to give extra hardness and resistance to wear. Tool steels are also toughened up by a process called tempering, in which steel is first heated to a high temperature, then cooled very quickly, then heated again to a lower temperature.

Stainless steels

The steel you probably see most often in stainless steel—used in household cutlery, scissors, and medical instruments. Stainless steels contain a high proportion of chromium and nickel, are very resistant to corrosion and other chemical reactions, and are easy to clean, polish, and sterilize.

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Types Of Steel Rolling Mill Machine

There are many types of steel rolling mill machine that used to reduce the thickness of metal material or compress the material to create a uniform product such as the plate, wire rod, rebar, hot rolled coil, cold rolled coil and etc.

In addition, the steel rolling mills are divided into several types as follows:

Two-high rolling mills, which have a unique advantage in cost-saving cause the less expensive for manufacturing. And they are used for skin passing with small reductions of 1% to 2%.

Four -high rolling mills, which has a quick change roll system, can be equipped with roll bend and shape control and can be put in tandem, two to seven stands, instead of reversing mill.

Six-high rolling mills, which are similar to four-high rolling mills, also allows for substantial roll shape, depending upon the horizontal movement of the rolls. Furthermore, this kind of rolling mills is equipped with hydraulic screw downs, automatic shape control, and automatic gauge control.

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What Are Lubrication Methods Of Steel Rolling Mills?

The lubrication methods of Steel Rolling Mills are as followings: 

The basic methods of steel rolling mills lubrication are thin oil lubrication, dry oil lubrication, and oil mist lubrication. Thin-oil lubrication uses mineral oil (liquid lubricant) as a lubricant. Because the thin oil has the characteristics of fluidity, adhesion to the metal surface, certain viscosity and heat capacity, it can adhere to the surface of the lubricated part and can form fluid dynamic pressure, so that the friction surfaces are separated from each other. It also removes the heat generated by the friction from the friction surface. The performance of thin oil is relatively stable and has a certain antiseptic effect. However, the thin oil is not easy to seal, and the lubricating surface of the device easily invades impurities such as water and iron oxide.

Oil mist lubrication is a new way of lubrication. In the atomizer, the lubricating oil is atomized into extremely small oil particles under the action of filtered and compressed air. The fine oil particles are then mixed with the compressed air, and a small oil droplet is condensed onto the friction surface through the pipe and the condensation nozzle. Oil mist lubrication consumes less fuel, has a lower operating temperature, has a better lubrication effect, and saves maintenance costs. However, oil mist lubrication has high requirements for sealing of steel rolling mills, and strict requirements for oil quality and compressed air.        

Dry oil lubrication actually uses a grease-like grease (also called butter) as a lubricant. Grease is a grease made of lubricating oil plus thickener. Besides its lubricating property, it has strong adhesion, so it has good protection performance and seals the friction surface to avoid metal corrosion and impurity intrusion. After adding the grease once, the steel rolling mills can be operated for a period of time and is convenient to use. However, the energy consumption during operation is larger than that of thin oil, and it is not suitable for high-speed operation equipment.

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What Are The Advantages Of The New Design Rolling Mill Equipment?

What Are The Advantages Of The New Design Rolling Mill Equipment?

What are the advantages of the new design rolling mill? What are the special rolls equipped?

As we know that in the process of improving the rolling mill equipment, its structure design has been obviously optimized and upgraded. So do you know what new advantages this rolling mill has after new design improvements? In fact, one of the most attractive aspects of the new equipment is the flexible adjustment of rolling speed.

In this way, in actual production, the working performance of rolling mill equipment will be brought into full play, which is also the basis of realizing automation and continuous operation. Of course, it also has many other advantages, such as when the latest design and production equipment in the production process can also ensure the tensile strength of finished steel bars, but also can greatly improve the elongation of broken steel bars and the maximum total elongation, and further improve the mechanical properties of products, to overcome the problem of low ductility of cold-rolled steel bars.

In addition, after improvement, the current rolling mill equipment adopts the passive one-rolling and one-towing production mode, which can realize two-pass rolling. It not only solves the problem of speed matching but also changes the traditional four-pass rolling mode and improves production efficiency significantly. At the same time, the automatic control calculation is flexibly applied to ensure that the product appearance size is accurate and the surface quality is excellent.

From the above introduction, we can see that continuous innovation and improvement will be able to further improve the performance of rolling mill equipment on the basis of the past. At the same time, it also significantly improves the quality of finished steel products, while improving production efficiency, bringing maximum benefits to customers. So, do you know what special rollers are equipped with them? In fact, rolls are very important components for any rolling mill equipment.

Even some rolling mills are equipped with special rolls to meet these special rolling requirements. For example, cemented carbide rolls, which are pressed and sintered with tungsten carbide powder, are suitable for high-speed rolling because of their excellent wear resistance. This roll is usually used in high-speed wire rod mills.

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What Are The Common Shearing Machine Of Rolling Mill?

What Are The Common Shearing Machine Of Rolling Mill?

There are many kinds of shearing machines used in rolling mill workshop. According to the shape and configuration of shearing blades and the shape of rolling pieces, the shearing machine can be divided into parallel blade shearing machines, inclined blade shearing machines, disc shearing machines and various types of clippers.

The two blades of the parallel blade cutter are parallel to each other and are characterized in that both cutting edges are in contact with the metal being sheared at the same time. The shearing process is completed in a short time, the shearing efficiency is high, and the shearing machine is subjected to large load. It is commonly used for transverse hot shearing of rolled blanks (squares, slabs) and other square and rectangular section billets.

The two blades of the oblique blade cutter are angled, generally, the blade is inclined and the lower blade is horizontal. These shears are commonly used for cold shearing and hot shearing of steel sheets, steel strips, thin slabs, welded tube blanks, and sometimes for cutting small steel product.

The blades of the disc shear are made into discs. There are two types of disc shears used in the rolling mill workshop: one for longitudinal shearing of steel sheets and strips; and one for cutting heads of small steel product or wire production. Their common feature is the completion of the shearing task during the running of the steel by rotating pairs of disc cutting edges.

Flying shears are mainly used for sharing moving rolling stock transversely. Flying shears are used in section steel production, billet production, and steel sheet production. The cutting task is completed during the running of the steel, and thus the running speed of the steel is required to be substantially the same as the peripheral speed of the cutting edge. Most of these shears are placed on the line of semi-continuous or continuous mills.

Recently, in order to solve the problem that the shearing load is large, the walking beam shearing machine has appeared. The shearing process of this type of shear is performed in stages. In the above-mentioned various types of shearing machines, the eccentric shaft rotates one turn or less than one turn to complete one shearing action, while the walking beam shearing machine rotates the eccentric shaft into several turns to complete a shearing action. The eccentricity of the eccentric shaft on the step shear is small (usually 5~10mm). The walking beam shearing machine uses a set of stepping mechanisms to continuously change the position of the table to complete the entire cutting process.

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What Are The Requirements For Rolling Mills For Lubrication?

What Are The Requirements For Rolling Mills For Lubrication?

Rolling mills requirements for lubrication:

Grease lubrication: such as the input ramp of the furnace in the hot strip mill, the pusher, the discharger, the stand, the stand, the mill ramp, the mill work, the motor bearing, the mill press, the universal joint shaft Grease with bracket, cutting machine, looper, guide, output ramp, tumbling machine, coiler, washing machine, turning machine, shearing machine, disc cutter, edger, boring machine, etc. lubricating;

Lubricating oil adopts circulating lubrication: For example, Baosteel 2030 five-stand cold rolling mill is an example, strip steel cooling and lubricating emulsion system and oil feeding system uncoiler, five machines, feeding hoe, electric motor, rolling shear, guide, Lubrication of steering rollers and coilers, gear oils, leveling machines, etc., oil film bearing systems for each frame. Bearings for high-speed, high-precision rolling mills, lubricated with oil mist and oil and gas. 

Let’s talk about it in detail below:

Hot-rolled sheet steel strip mill requirements for grease:

Strip technology is the technology with the highest technical content and the highest added value of products in rolling steel production. In order to improve the shape and surface quality of the rolled products, most of the strip mills use CVC, bending rolls, nip rolls, and other world-class technologies. However, due to the harsh bearing conditions of such rolling mills, the selection of suitable greases is carried out. Lubrication is especially important.

Plate type rolling steel work roll housing high temperature: the billet temperature is above 1200 °C. During the rolling process, the radiant heat and conduction heat can make the work roll housing temperature reach 100 °C or above.

Heavy load: the rolling mill bearing is subject to a large rolling force and impact load, especially due to the joint action of the CVC rolling mill, the nip roller and the bending roller, the rolling force of the rolling mill bearing can be decomposed into the axial force and the radial force. The axial force is mainly caused by the roll (the roll is plus or minus 100 mm), and the radial force is mainly composed of the rolling force and the bending force (the bending force is 120 tons/roll neck).

Multi-water: During the rolling process, a large amount of spray water is required to cool the rolls, and the spray water can easily enter the bearing, especially the lower work rolls.

High speed: The billet has a high rolling speed in the finishing zone, and the wire speed of the F6 frame can be 13m/s. Rolling mill bearings require excellent high-temperature resistance: the thickener of the rolling mill bearing grease has high physical stability, does not melt or decompose at the ambient temperature used; the tendency of the grease to soften at high temperatures is small; Has good thermal reversibility. The lipid drop point should be greater than 250 ° C to ensure that it can be used in high-temperature environments. It also has good pumping performance at lower temperatures and a wider temperature range.

Excellent water resistance: the consistency of the rolling mill bearing grease should not be much lower after it is in contact with water or even mixed with water. It prevents the loss of lubricant and reduces the lubricity, and it still has good protection.

Excellent rust and corrosion resistance: The bearing grease of the rolling mill should be able to maintain good protection and lubricity in the water vapor and dust environment and prolong the life of the bearing.

Good extreme pressure and wear resistance: the rolling mill bearing grease should be able to withstand a large rolling force and impact load, especially under the joint force of CVC rolling mill, nip roller and bending roller, it can form a good oil film thickness.

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