The Device Of the Electric Arc Furnace

The Device Of the Electric Arc Furnace

Electric Arc Furnace

An electric arc furnace consists of a shell, spout, cover(optional), furnace wall, bottom electrode device, and tilting system.

The furnace shell is water cooling style, the furnace side has a spout, the furnace inside wall has refractory, water cooling electrode style, temperature testing, and the spout was made by refractory.

Electrode Lifting Device

Electrode lifting device includes a conductive arm, lifting pole column, guiding column, electrode clamp, and lifting reduction box device.

Electrode clamps of conductive arms use non-magnetic conductive stainless steel, high mechanic, high wear resistance, deep hole, water cooling inside and cooling directly, and enhance the cooling effect, prolong the operational life span.

Large Current

Large current includes DC power supply compensator, copper bar, furnace body electrode connector, eliminator supply cable connector, big section cable, conductive arm, electrode clamp, and graphite electrode.

Water Cooling

The water cooling system is composed of the current switch, water distributor, return line, water cooling pressure less than 2XlO5Pa, and water cooling temperature below 32℃, this device has flow warning, it alarms when the flow is below the related value.

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The Application Of Flying Shear

The Application Of Flying Shear

The Flying Shear is a common industrial application in rolling mill production lines for cutting a product into smaller lengths, without stopping the line, this means that the main production process is not interrupted, and so machine productivity is maximized.

The cutting tool is typically mounted on a carriage that moves either parallel to the product flow or at an angle across the product flow. The flying shear drive accelerates the carriage to synchronize with the line speed, while synchronized the cut is done and the carriage then decelerates and returns to its original position ready to cut again. There are also many other similar applications where a carriage must be synchronized at line speed and most of these can also be accommodated using the flying shear application software.

Typical applications include various types of cut-to-length machines, depositors, punches, product inspection, or any other process where synchronization at line speed is required.

A machine extrudes plastic pipes that must be supplied to the customer in pre-cut lengths. The extrusion process requires the extruder to run at a continuous speed to maintain the quality of the product. The pipe is uniform along its length and provided the length is within a set tolerance then the pipe is fit for sale. The flying shear is used to cut the product cyclically.

The actual design of the machine that we observed in the mill was very large in size and it cut the hot billets of diameter 1\2 inch to 1 inch and length will be in several meters and it cost thousands of dollars we cannot make this machine as FYP. So according to the situation, we had to design a machine of a small size to cut something other than a hot billet. We chose the design of the printer as a model as the design idea was similar to the printer and select copper wire as a job. The sketch will be shown below.

The Cold Rolling Mill

The Cold Rolling Mill

In the article How Many Types of Rolling mill, we know that rolling is divided into two types that are hot rolling and cold rolling according to the different temperatures when metal is rolled. If the temperature is above its recrystallization temperature, then this kind of process is known as hot rolling. If the temperature is below its recrystallization temperature when mentally rolled, the process is called cold rolling.

While this article mainly talks about cold rolling. Cold rolling is fulfilled by making steel strips through plenty of tandem rolling mill stands. And each one of the stands has vertically stacked rolls that are powered by a huge motor to impart high compressive stresses into the strip. While hot rolling, pickled coils fed into the cold rolling mill from an entry-end reel and progressively reduced in thickness in each stand, to achieve the final desired thickness, as the strip exits the last stand. After the last stand, the strip recoiled. At this step, the strip is highly cold and not very useful for most applications. It needs to be annealed to soften the steel and make it more formable. 

Another method of cold reduction needs to use of a reversing mill. In this process, the strip is passed back and forth between mandrels on each side of a single or two-stand mill. The strip is reduced in thickness on each pass until the final required thickness is attained. The typical percent cold reduction ranges from 60 to 80 percent; such reducing a hot rolled strip of 0.100-inch thick to a 0.030-inch thickness results in 70 percent cold reduction.

The Concept And Process Of Rolling Mill

The Concept And Process Of Rolling Mill

Steel is widely used in our daily lives and holds a critical position in the national economy and most of the steel products we need are produced by rolling mills. The rolling process plays an important role as the final link of the steel-making process in modern steel enterprises.

Steel rolling, as its name, is a process of shaping the steel billet with rollers. And the rolling mill is what you need to get the job done. The complete rolling production process contains a series of different rolling techniques and it can be complicated. However, despite all those various requirements, the basic production process always contains the following procedures: reheating the steel billet and further treatments, rolling process, and the final finishing rolling process.

When the billets arrive, they need to be treated with chemicals like acids to remove the oxidation film and the obvious defects on the surface must be removed too. Then the billets will be reheated to a certain temperature to be ready for the coming rolling process. The rolling process is the core of this whole production, the billets will be rolled into different shapes and the rolling technique is crucial for the quality of the final product. It must meet the requirements from three different aspects: the product’s geometry dimension accuracy, internal organization, and performance, and clean and smooth surface. 

After all these processes, the product still has a complicated finishing rolling process. As a guarantee of the product, the finishing process can be different for the various requirements and standards. After the cooling, straightening, heat treatment, and other certain process procedures, the final product will meet all those customized requirements.

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The Development Of Electric Arc Furnace

The Development Of Electric Arc Furnace

The electric arc furnace is the most widely used steel furnace around the world, it can be used to smelt high-quality steel and other special steels. 

Though the arc furnace came out in the 1900s, the major development waited its time till the end of WWII. During the latest decades, the development has escalated and brought revolutionary changes to the steel industry. 

While the total output capacity remains growing slowly, the percentage of crude steel made from scraps has risen fiercely to 40% in 2001. One of the major solutions, an arc furnace can be built and operated at a lower cost than the traditional blast furnace. 

Since the concept of the UHP arc furnace (ultrahigh power arc furnace) emerged in the mid-60s, people have tried to build bigger furnaces with higher power and capacity. 

The application of advanced technologies like dynamic compensation systems and water-cooling systems boosts the development vigorously.

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The Development Of Rolling Process And Technology

The Development Of Rolling Process And Technology

The rolling technique improvement happening worldwide is mainly focusing on the following aspects: the optimization of the rolling process, the variety, and diversity of the rolling products, higher quality, and smarter management. The future of the rolling mill industry is as follows: 

Rolling-casting Integration

Traditional rolling machines with rollers can provide high-speed production rates with efficiency while still remaining controllable with high-tech equipment like computers. This kind of machine will keep dominating the market with its obvious advantages. However, the development of the rolling technique and the rolling mill is just in sight. In the 20th century, continuous casting has gradually eliminated the roughing process. With the thin steel plate it provides, the continuous casting process could just be integrated with the hot-rolling process. This rolling-casting integration improvement will optimize the whole rolling production process and make a further step in cost control. 

A Cleaner Rolling Process

In the whole hot-rolling process, the oxidation of steel leads to the waste of raw material and energy, more pollution, and further processing difficulties. Hence, the application of low-oxygen combustion techniques and low-cost hydrogen will become elementary to the no-oxidation heating process. With a brand-new acid-free cleaning(AFC) descaling technique, the product is smooth and completely oxide-free. This kind of improvement can give you a cleaner rolling process you’ve never experienced before. 

The Application of Cutting-edge Technology

What has driven the improvement of the rolling mill in the 20th century is the application of information technology. Automatic shape control of the steel plate, Free rolling, and High-precision, multi-parameter online tests, have all become available. And these techniques back fed the whole rolling mill industry. In the sight of the future, artificial intelligence will boost this industry to a brighter future.

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The Development Of The Steel Industry In China

The Development Of The Steel Industry In China

The development of the steel industry in China closely relies on other industries and shares mutual encouragement with them. Other industries like manufacturing, construction, and transportation have had higher demands for the quantity, variety, and quality of steel materials while they are looking for a leap forward. To meet their requirements, steel enterprises got to have a positive attitude and must seek an opportunity to develop their products like non-quenched and tempered steel, silicon steel, structural steel with fine mechanical properties, and other various sheets of steel applied to different industries to provide low-cost, environment-friendly materials with high-standard performances and lead their way in the rapid development.

In order to develop cutting-edge products, new treatment processes, equipment and techniques are essential. Domestic scientists and engineers have made some major breakthroughs in the new-generation automotive steel, flexible retreat technology for cold rolling, and advanced coating techniques and products. These achievements have boosted the development of revolutionary products and China’s national economy. As a crucial premise and foundation, experiment research can lead to a new process and technique innovation. Hence, strengthening the construction of research institutes and setting up its own hardware, software technology, and product development platform is critical while establishing a combination system of production and research technology innovation. The application of new techniques, new steel technology, and new steel products are just down the road.

With the global competition in the steel business growing fiercely, the market has got higher and stricter requirements for the quality and quantity of its product. The traditional rolling force calculation formula will fade and be replaced by a more ideal design method with higher accuracy -- mathematical models. It is incredibly difficult to analyze the rolling process with all kinds of factors influencing the whole procedure. The application of mathematical models like neural networks can deal with this problem. They can predict accuracy and improve the level of production control by quantitatively and qualitatively optimizing the production process to provide low-cost optimization strategies for the steel industry.

As an upcoming technology, the soft computation was applied to optimize the design of the rolling system. To solve the uncertainty and ambiguity in practical problems, the combination of human knowledge and solution methodology comes in handy, including evolutionary computation, fuzzy logic, neural computation, and probability computation.

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